
Flaking (Shell-like spalling) Irregular wear (Irregular fl ank wear)
Chipping (Small or minute fracture of cutting edge) Breakage (Relatively large fracture) D
Crater wear Flank wear (Groove-like wear on rake face) (Wear of cutting edge) E Corner wear Feed mark (Wear of peripheral corner)
| (Wear stripes in periphery) | F |
| Fracture | |
| (Catastrophic breakage | |
| of drill body) | |
| Note: If these failures are not excessive, | |
| the tool is in a normal condition. G |
Change o f chip shapes i n drilling
Photographs below show the change of chip shapes relating to change of the feed and the cutting speed. These chip shapes are all well controlled in a proper condition range. When the speed and feed are low, the chip shows whitish color and the tail of the chip tends to lengthen gradually. In contrast, as the speed or the feed increases, the chip tends to increase in brightness and becomes a compact shape with a short tail. These
| changes in the shape depend on the cutting temperature. As the temperature increases, chips tend to be broken. | I | |
| J | ||
| High | Feed Low | |
| K | ||
| L | ||
| Tail | ||
| High | Cutting speed Low |
M