Cutter height Technical information Terms and angle of toolholders Milling Terms and angles of milling cutter • Cutting edge angle and chip thickness A: Axial rake angle fz A.R. (+) Insert 45° ap C: Approach angle(Corner angle)Chip thickness0.7 x fz Cutting edge angle fz 75° T: True rake angle I: Inclination angle Cutter dia. (Diameter at edge point) Insert ap R: Radial rake angle R.R. (−) Chip thickness 0.97 x fz fz 90° Insert ap 1.0 x fz Chip thickness Function of tool angle Symbol Name Function Effect Axial rake angle A Controls chip flow direction and cutting force When it is positive ··· Good cutting performance and less chip welding (A.R.) Radial rake angle R Controls chip flow direction and cutting force When it is negative ··· Good chip evacuation (R.R.) When it is large ··· Thinner chip thickness C Approach angle Controls chip thickness and chip flow direction Lower cutting load When it is positive ··· Good cutting performance and less chip welding, but lower edge T True rake angle Actual rake angle strength When it is negative ··· Higher edge strength but easier to weld When it is positive ··· Good chip evacuation I Inclination angle Controls chip flow direction Less cutting force R Lower edge stability of the corner part The formula for true rake angle: tanT=tanR x cosC + tanA x sinC The formula for inclination angle: tan =tanA x cosC - tanR x sinC R31