Surface roughness (JIS B 0601-2001) Theoretical (Geometrical) surface roughness Theoretical surface roughness for turning indicates the minimum roughness value from the cutting conditions and it is shown by the formula as follows. f Rz(h) f2 Rz(h) = x 10 3 8R(RE) R (RE) Rz(h): Theoretical surface roughness [μm] f: Feed rate [mm/rev] R(RE): Corner radius of insert [mm] How to obtain surface roughness values Relationship with triangle symbol Arithmetical Max. height Ten points mean Type Symbol How to obtain Explanation *(Triangle mean roughness roughness roughness symbol) Ra(μm) Rz(μm) RzJIS(μm) Rz is a mean value in micron meter obtained from the distance of Max. height roughness the highest peaks and the lowest valleys within the range of 0.025 0.1 0.1 sampled reference length (" ℓ ") in the direction of the center line m 0.05 0.2 0.2 Rp Rz of the roughness curve. 0.1 0.4 0.4 Rz Rv Note) When calculating Rz, extraordinarily high or low 0.2 0.8 0.8 ℓ threadsare considered as damages and excluded from the calculation, and only standard lengths are used. 0.4 1.6 1.6 Rz=Rp+Rv 0.8 3.2 3.2 1.6 6.3 6.3 m 3.2 12.5 12.5 Yp1 Yp4 RzJIS is a mean value in micron meter obtained from the distance Yp3 Yp5 Yp2 6.3 25 25 Ten points mean roughness of 5 highest peaks (Yp) and the 5 lowest valleys (Yv) measured Yv3 Yv2 Yv5 Yv1 Yv4 from the center line of the roughness curve within ℓ 12.5 50 50 the range of sampled reference length " ℓ ". 25 100 100 Yp1,Yp2,Yp3,Yp4,Yp5: RzJIS * Finishing symbol (Triangle s and wave~) was removed from D istance from the mean line to the highest 5 peaks in the range of sampled reference length " ℓ " JIS standard in the 1994 Revision. Yv1,Yv2,Yv3,Yv4,Yv5: (Yp1+Yp2+Yp3+Yp4+Yp5) + (Yv1+Yv2+Yv3+Yv4+Yv5) · How to Indicate RzJIS= Distance from the mean line to the lowest 5 valleys in the range 5 1. When Ra is 1.6µm 1.6µmRa of sampled reference length " ℓ " 2. When Rz is 6.3µm 6.3µmRz 3. When RzJIS is 6.3µm 6.3µmRzJIS Ra is obtained from the following formula in micron meter, the Arithmetical mean roughness curve is expressed by y=f(x), the X-axis is in the Y roughness direction of the center line and the Y-axis is m Ra the vertical magnification of the roughness curve in the range of Ra X sampled reference length " ℓ ". ℓ 1 ℓ Ra= ℓ 0∫ {f(x)} dx Indication in JIS standard R Example of Ra indication Example of Rz indication 1. When indicating the upper limit only 1. When indicating the upper limit only indicate surface roughness 6.3 Rz6.3 (when upper limit is 6.3µmRa) following the parameter symbol. 2. When indicating both lower and upper limit Technical information (when upper limit is 6.3µmRa, lower limit is 1.6µmRa) 6.3 Rz6.3 ~ 1.6 2.  When indicating both lower and upper limit indicate surface 1.6 roughness as (upper limit ~ lower limit) following the parameter symbol. Note: The indications of Ra and Rz are different. Caution-symbols for surface roughness The above information is based on JIS B 0601-2001. Symbol of Symbol of Type However, some symbols were revised as shown in the right table JIS B 0601-1994 JIS B 0601-2001 in accordance with ISO Standard from JIS B 0601-2001 version. Max. height Ten Points Mean Roughness (Rz) was eliminated from 2001 version Ry Rz roughness but it still remains as RzJIS reference, since it was popular in Japan. Ten points mean Rz (RzJIS) roughness Arithmetical mean Ra Ra roughness R7