| Damage | Cause | Countermeasures |
| Excessive flank wear | -Grade lacks wear resistance. -Cutting speed ist too fast. -Feed rate ist far too slow. | - Select a wear resistant grade. P30 aP20 aP10 K20 aK10 aK01 - Use an insert with a larger rake angle. - Decrease the cutting speed. - Increase feed rates. |
| Excessive crater wear | -Grade lacks crater wear resistance. -Rake angle is too small. | - Select a more crater-resistant grade. - Use an insert with a larger rake angle. - Select an appropriate chipbreaker. |
| -Cutting speed is too fast. - Feed rate and depth of cut are too large. | - Decrease the cutting speed. - Decrease the D.O.C. and feed rate. |
| Cutting edge chipping | - Grade lacks toughness. -Insert falls off due to chip build-up. - Cutting edge lacks toughness. - Feed rate and depth of cut are too large. | - Change to tougher grades. P10 aP20 aP30 K01 aK10 aK20 - Increase amount of honing on cutting edge. - Reduce rake angle. - Reduce feed rates and depth of cut. |
| Tool Edge Failure Cutting edge fracture | - Grades lacks toughness. - Cutting edge lacks toughness. - Holder lacks toughness. - Feed rarte is too fast. - Depth of cut is too large. | - Change to tougher grades. P10 aP20 aP30 K01 aK10 aK20 - Select a chipbreaker with a strong cutting edge. - Select a holder with a larger approach angle. - Select a holder with a larger shank size. - Decrease the D.O.C. and feed rate. |
| Build-up edge | - Inappropriate grade selection. - Dull cutting edge. - Cutting speed is too slow. - Feed rate ist too slow. | - Select a grade with less affinity to the work material. Coated carbide or cermet grades. - Select a grade with a smooth coating. - Use an insert with a larger rake angle. - Reduce amount of honing. - Increase cutting speeds. - Increase feed rates. |
| Plastic deformation | - Grade lacks thermal resistance. - Cutting speed is too fast. - Feed rate is too fast. - Depth of cut is too large. - Not enough cutting fluid. | - Select a more crater-wear-resistant grade. - Use an insert with a larger rake angle. - Decrease the cutting speed. - Reduce feed rates and depth of cut. - Supply a sufficient amount of coolant. |
| Notch wear | - Grade lacks wear resistance. - Rake angle is too small. - Cutting speed is too fast. | - Select a wear resistant grade. P30 aP20 aP10 K20 aK10 aK01 - Use an insert with a larger rake angle. - Alter depth of cutto shift the notch location. |