TECHNICAL FORMULAS SPECIFIC CUTTING FORCES

MATERIAL GROUPLamina Gr. N°VDI GrpMATERIAL EXAMPLESHARDNESSSpecific cutting force, kc1 (N/mm²)mc
1C35 CK45125 HB15000.25
Non-Alloyed12, , 1020, 1045, 1060 28MN6190 HB17000.25
3,250 HB18500.25
4180 HB17000.25
5.642CRMO4, ST50, CK60,230 HB18000.25
P Low alloyed27.84140, 4340, 100CR6280 HB20400.25
9350 HB29000.25
10220 HB20500.25
High310X40CRMOV5, H13 M42 D3280 HB26000.25
allowed11, , , S6-5-2, 12NI19320 HB29500.25
11350 HB31000.25
Austenitic414304, 316,180 HB18000.21
14X5CRNI18-9240 HB21000.21
M Dlex514X2CRNIN23-4,290 HB26000.21
up14S31500310 HB28000.21
Ferritic &612410, X6CR17,200 HB18000.21
Martensitic1317-4 PH, 43042 HRC28000.21
15GG20 GG40150 HB8000.28
Grey715, , EN-GJL-250, NO30B200 HB10000.28
16250 HB11000.28
K17.19150 HB8700.28
Malleable & Nodular817.19GGG40, GGG70, 50005200 HB11500.28
18.20250 HB14000.28
31.32Incoloy 800240 HB26000.25
Fe, Ni & Co based933Inconel 700250 HB27000.25
S34Stellite 21350 HB-33000.25
Ti36TIAL6V4-14000.23
bases1037T40-14500.23
NF Al (>8%Si)1225TIAL6V4130 HB7000.25
Cutting Speed (m/min)Vc =Dm xπ xn 1000Cutting Speed (m/min)Vc =nxπxD 1000
Rotation (Rev/min)n =Vc x 1000 Dm xπRotation (Rev/min)n =Vc x 1000 πx D
Chip Removal Rate (cm3/min)Q =Vc xapxfnTable Feed (mm/min)Vf =nx zc x fz
Cutting Time (min)Tc =lm fnxnCutting Output (cm3/min)Q =aexapxVf 1000
Surface Roughness (µm)Rmax= fn 2 x 125 rεFeed per Toothfz=Vf nxzc
SymbolDesignationUnit
VcCutting speedm/min
apDepth of cut (d.o.c.)mm
aeRadial depth of cut (width of cut)mm
DCutter diametermm
fzFeed per toothmm/tooth
ZcEffective number of teethpcs
VfTable Feedmm/min
ZnTotal number of teethpcs
SymbolDesignationUnit
DmMachining diametermm
fnFeed per revolutionmm/rev
lmMachining lengthmm
nRotationrev/min
QChip removal ratecm3/min
Amaxd.o.c x feedmm2
rεNose radiusmm
TcCutting timemin
RmaxSurface roughnessµm