Basic Formulas  Turning  Cutting Speed n Vc= π× Dm×n IDm 1,000 Vc :Cutting speed[m/min] Dm:Workpiece Dia.[mm] n :Spindle Revolution[min-1] L  Power Requirement Ks×Vc×ap×f Pc :Power Requirement[kW] Ks Figure (kgf/mm2) Pc = Low Carbon Steel 190 6,120 × η PHP :Power Requirement (Horse Power)[HP] Medium Carbon Steel 210 Vc :Cutting speed[m/min] High Carbon Steel 240 Ks×Vc×ap×f ap :Depth of Cut[mm] Low Alloy Steel 190 PHP= 4,500 × η f :Feed Rate[mm/rev] High Alloy Steel 245 KS :Specific Cutting Force[kgf/mm2] Cast Iron 93 Malleable Cast Iron 120 η :Mechanical Efficiency(0.7~0.8) Bronze, Brass 70  Theoretical Surface Roughness f2 Rz(h:) Theoretical Surface Roughness[μm] Rz(h)= 8×R(rH) × 1,000 f :Feed Rate[mm/rev] R(rH) Rz(h) R(rH):Corner Radius of Insert[mm] f  Chip Removal Volume Q :Chip Removal Volume[cm3/min=cc/min] Q=Vc×ap×f Vc :Cutting speed[m/min] ap :Depth of Cut[mm] f :Feed Rate[mm/rev] R  Edge Position Compensation cos( D + (E-90°) ) E Z D { X= (R-R')× 2 -1 Vc= π×Dm×n D R(rH) sin 2 { Information sin ( D + (E-90°) ) Technical { Z= (R-R')× 2 -1 X sin D { 2 R'(rH') ⊿ X : X-axis Direction Edge Position Compensation[mm] Toolholder Type Insert Corner Angle α Cutting Edge Angle β X Z ⊿ Z : Z-axis Direction Edge Position Compensation[mm] DCLN/PCLN 80° 95° 0.100×(R-R’) 0.100×(R-R’) DTGN/PTGN 60° 91° 0.714×(R-R’) 0.030×(R-R’) R : Corner-R before Change[mm] DDJN/PDJN 55° 93° 0.866×(R-R’) 0.099×(R-R’) R' : Corner-R after Change[mm] DDHN/PDHN 55° 107.5° 0.531×(R-R’) 0.531×(R-R’) DVLN/PVLN 35° 95° 2.072×(R-R’) 0.273×(R-R’) D : Insert Corner Angle[°] DVPN/PVPN 35° 117.5° 1.351×(R-R’) 1.351×(R-R’) E : Toolholder's Cutting Edge Angle[°] DSBN/PSBN 90° 75° 0.225×(R-R’) -0.293×(R-R’) Example: Compensation when changing corner-R from 0.8 to 0.4, using PCLN type toolholder, X=0.100×(0.8-0.4)=0.04(mm) Z=0.100×(0.8-0.4)=0.04(mm) R32