Surface Roughness (JIS B 0601-2001) Theoretical (Geometrical) Surface Roughness Theoretical surface roughness for turning indicates the minimum roughness f value from the cutting conditions and it is shown by the formula as follows. Rz (h) Rz(h)= f2 X103 8R(rH) R (rH) Rz(h): Theoretical Surface Roughness [μm] f: Feed Rate [mm/rev] R(rε): Corner Radius of Insert [mm] How to Obtain Surface Roughness Values Relationship with Triangle Symbol Type Symbol How to Obtain Explanation Arithmetical Max. Height Ten Points Mean *(Triangle Mean Roughness Roughness Roughness Symbol) Max. Height Roughness Rz is a mean value in micron meter obtained Ra (μm) Rz (μm) RzJIS (μm) from the distance of the highest peaks and 0.025 0.1 0.1 the lowest valleys within the range of sampled reference length ("ℓ") in the direction of the Rp Rz m 0.05 0.2 0.2 ▽▽▽▽ center line of the roughness curve. 0.1 0.4 0.4 Rz Note) When calculating Rz, extraordinarily Rv 0.2 0.8 0.8 high or low threads are considered as ℓ damages and excluded from the 0.4 1.6 1.6 calculation, and only standard lengths 0.8 3.2 3.2 ▽▽▽ are used. 1.6 6.3 6.3 Rz=Rp+Rv m 3.2 12.5 12.5 ▽▽ Roughness Yp1 Yp2 Yp3 Yp4 Yv5 6.3 25 25 RzJIS is a mean value in micron meter Yv1 Yv2 Yv3 Yv4 Yv5 12.5 50 50 obtained from the distance of 5 highest ℓ 25 100 100 ▽ peaks (Yp) and the 5 lowest valleys (Yv) Yp1,Yp2,Yp3,Yp4,Yp5 : Mean measured from the center line of the * Finishing symbol (Triangle ▽ and wave~) was removed RzJIS roughness curve within the range of sampled Distance from the mean line to the highest 5 from JIS standard in the 1994 Revision. reference length "ℓ". peaks in the range of sampled reference Points length "ℓ" ·How to Indicate (Yp1+Yp2+Yp3+Yp4+Yp5)+(Yv1+Yv2+Yv3+Yv4+Yv5) Yv1,Yv2,Yv3,Yv4,Yv5 : (1) When Ra is 1.6µm " 1.6µmRa RzJIS= 5 Distance from the mean line to the lowest 5 Te n valleys in the range of sampled reference (2) When Rz is 6.3µm " 6.3µmRz length "ℓ" (3) When RzJIS is 6.3µm " 6.3µmRzJIS Roughness Ra is obtained from the following formula in micron meter, the roughness curve is expressed by y=f(x), the X-axis is in the direction of the center line and the Y-axis is Y Mean the vertical magnification of the roughness m Ra curve in the range of sampled reference Ra length "ℓ". X Arithmetical ℓ ∫ Ra= ℓ1 ℓ {f(x)}dx 0 Indication in JIS Standard Example of Ra Indication Example of Rz Indication (1) When indicating the upper limit only 6.3 (1) When indicating the upper limit only indicate Rz6.3 (when upper limit is 6.3µmRa) surface roughness following the parameter R symbol. (2) When indicating both lower and upper limit 6.3 (2) When indicating both lower and upper limit (when upper limit is 6.3µmRa, lower limit is 1.6µmRa) 1.6 Rz6.3~1.6 indicate surface roughness as (upper limit ~ Vc= π×Dm×n lower limit) following the parameter symbol. Note: The indications of Ra and Rz are different. Technical Information Caution-Symbols for Surface Roughness The above information is based on JIS B 0601-2001. Symbol of Symbol of IHowever, some symbols were revised as shown in the right table in Type JIS B 0601-1994 JIS B 0601-2001 accordance with ISO Standard from JIS B 0601-2001 version. Ten Points Mean Roughness (Rz) was eliminated from 2001 version but Max. Height Roughness Ry → Rz it still remains as RzJIS reference, since it was popular in Japan. Ten Points Mean Roughness Rz → (RzJIS) Arithmetical Mean Roughness Ra → Ra R3