Technical Guidance m n doc Specific cutting resistance (N/mm2)Principal force (N)Principal force (N)Cutting force (N) Technical Guidance Basics of Turning Calculating Power Requirement Cutting Force Cutting Speed and Cutting Force 1600 Rake angle: -10° F2 Pc : Net power requirement (KW) vc : Cutting speed (m/min) 800 Pc = doc . f . vc . Kc60 5103 5 ηf: Feed rate (mm/rev)ap : Depth of cut (mm) Rake angle: 0°F3F10080160240 H= Pc0,75 η : Machine efficiency(0,70 ~ 0,85)Kc : Specific cutting force (N/mm2)F1:PrincipalforceF2:FeedforceF3:Backforce Cutting speed (m/min)Rake Angle and Cutting Force H : Required horsepower (HP) l Calculating cutting force 2800 l Rough value of specific cutting force (Kc) P: Cutting force (N)P= Kc . qKc :Specific cutting force (N/mm2) 2400 General steel : 2.500 ~ 3.000 N/mm2Cast iron :1.500 N/mm2 = kc x doc x f1000 q : Chip area (mm2)doc: Depth of cut (mm)Aluminum :800 N/mm2f:Feed rate (mm/rev)20001600 20 10 0 -10 -20Rake angle (degree) Calculating Cutting Speed Feed Rate and Specific Cutting Force(For carbon steel) j Calculating rotational speed from cutting speed 8.000 Traverse n : Spindle speed (min -1) rupture 1000 . vcn=π.D vc : Cutting speed (m/min)D:Diameter of workpiece (mm)π≈3,14 strength800 N/mm26.000600 N/mm2400 N/mm2 (Eg.) vc =150m/min, D=100mm n= 1000 x 1503,14 x 100= 478 (min-1) 4.000 n : Spindle speed (min -1) k Calculating cutting speed from rotational speed vc : Cutting speed (m/min) 2.000 vc = π.D.n1.000 f : Feed rate (mm/rev)Refer to the above tabledoc :Depth of cut (mm) Dm : Diameter of workpiece (mm) 0 0,1 0,2 0,4 1,0 0,04 Feed rate (mm/rev) When feed rate decreases, specific cutting force increases. Roughness Nose Radius and Cutting Force l Theoretical Surface Finish l Ways to Improve Surface Finish 4000 Rz : Surface finish (mm) j Use an insert with a larger nose radius. 3500 Principal force f2Rz = 8x r f : Feed rate (mm/rev)r:Nose radius (mm)k Optimize the cutting speed and feed 1500 Feed force rate so that built-up edge does not Rz occur. 1000 f Back force r 500 l Select an appropriate insert grade. 0,4 0,8 1,2 1,6 Nose radius (mm) m Use wiper insert. l Actual surface roughness Large nose radius increases back force. Steel : Work : 42CrMo4 (Hs38) Theoretical surface finish x 1,5 ~ 3 Inserts : TNGA2204 Cast iron : Holder : PTGNR2525-43 Theoretical surface finish x 3 ~ 5 Condition : vc =100m/min doc =4mm f =0,45mm/rev N2