
| Several different types of spindle connection have been developed or | In 1985, WIDIA™ (Krupp WIDIA) and Kennametal initiated a joint |
| optimized over the last few decades. The 7/24 ISO taper became one of | program to further develop the concept of taper and face contact |
| the most popular systems in the market. It has been successfully used in | interface and a universal quick-change system — now known as |
| many applications, but its accuracy and high-speed limitations prevent it | KM™ and recently standardized as ISO 26622. The KM system has |
| from growing further due to only having one ring of contact around the | a very strong design, utilizing three rings of contact, the flange face, |
| gage diameter/uppermost cone. The recent combination of face contact | and lower as well as upper ring of contact of the cone. The polygonal |
| with 7/24 solid taper provides higher accuracy in the Z-axis direction, but | taper-face connection, known as PSC, is now also standardized as |
| this also presents some disadvantages, namely the loss in stiffness at | ISO 26623, and in the early 1990s, the HSK system started being |
| higher speeds or high side loads. Most of these tools on the market are | employed on machines in Europe and later became DIN 69893 and |
| solid and the spindles have relatively low clamping force. | later ISO 12164 with two rings of contact. |
KM
HSK
Best – Three ring contact
PSC
Better
7/24 ISO Taper
Better
Good – One ring contact
(continued)