Metric ThreadWhitworth ThreadRight ThreadingLeft Threading hh Root Diameter Effective Diameter (d)Parallel Thread for PipeThread for AerospaceInstruments O.D. hh Internal Diameter Effective Diameter (d)Taper Thread for PipeAmerican TaperThread for Pipe Root Diameter h ed ThreadUniAmerican TaperThread for Pipe h Lead (I) h Tools Threading SEC-Threading Tools Basics of Threads ■ Parts of a Screw Included Angle Thread Ridge Thread Root Conical Helix Lead Angle (R) Pitch (P) Length of one turnEffective Diameter (d) F External Thread Internal Thread Lead Angle Effective Diameter ( d ) : Diameter of imaginary cylinder that passes through the thread at the point where the groove and ridge widths are equal ● Lead Angle Calculation R : Lead Angle Pitch ( P ) : Distance between two ridges adjacent to each other I : Lead Lead ( I ) : Distance the screw thread moves axially in one turn(On a single threaded screw, the lead and pitch are identical.) tan R = IX×d = n×PX×d n : No. of ThreadsP : Pitch Lead Angle (α) : Angle made by the conical helix of the thread ridge at a pitch diameter with a plane perpendicular to the axis d : Effective Screw Diameter ■ Main Screw Types and Standard Thread Patterns Applications Symbol Basic Pro le Applications Symbol Basic Pro le Applications Symbol Basic Pro le Applications Symbol Basic Pro le Internal Thread Internal Thread Internal Thread1/4P60°G(PF)R0.137P55°MRp(PS) Internal ThreadRc(PT) R0.137P Internal Thread27.5°27.5° UN Internal Thread1/4P(BSPT)UNC60° External Thread UNF External Thread1/8PG(PF)External Thread R0.137PExternal Thread R(PT) 90° 1°47' R0.137P(BSPT)External Thread UNEF 1/8PExternal Thread Internal Thread Internal Thread Internal Thread Internal Thread W R0.137P 55° 5/16P 30° 30°60° 30° 30° BSW UNJ NPT NPTF BSP R0.137P 1°47' 1°47' External Thread RExternal Thread 90° External Thread 90° External Thread ■ Tool Holder and Insert Selection Guide (SSTE Type/SSTI Type) External Diameter (Spindle Rotation Forward) Internal Diameter (Forward Spindle Rotation) External Diameter (Spindle Rotation Backward) External Holder Internal Holder External Holder (SSTE Type) (SSTI Type) (SSTE Type) External Diameter Insert Internal Diameter Insert External Diameter Insert (16ER Type) (16IR Type) (16ER Type) Shim Shim Shim ( ) YE3-3P/YE3-2P YE3-1P/YE3/YE3-1N ( YI3-3P/YI3-2P YI3-1P/YI3/YI3-1N ) ( YE3-3P/YE3-2P YE3-1P/YE3/YE3-1N ) External Holder Internal Holder External Holder (SSTE Type) (SSTI Type) (SSTE Type) External Diameter Insert Internal Diameter Insert External Diameter Insert (16ER Type) (16IR Type) (16ER Type) Shim Shim Shim ( YE3-2N/YE3-3N ) ( YI3-2N/YI3-3N ) ( YE3-2N/YE3-3N ) ■ Threading Method and Angle of Insert Right Threading Left Threading Insert ≒ Lead Angle Insert Shim Angle Shim Shim Angle (E) ≒ Negative Lead Angle (E) Shim Standard Holder Inclination Standard Holder Inclination (1.5°) (1.5°) F83